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The Electric Furnace |
$34.29
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Some of these have found it difficult to obtain our results, and the opinion has been expressed that success in this work requires a special imodus faciendi. But Sir James Dewar, who has been able to liquefy and solidify hydrogen in considerable quantities, has been more for- tunate than ourselves in one respect he has determined accurately the temperatures in the neighbourhood of the absolutezerobygasandelectrical resistance thermometers. It is interesting to note that while we were extending the province of chemistry at high temperatures, the carried to its study of low temperatures was being furthest limits by Cailletet, Olzweski, and Dewar. Crystallized known, as were the richer alloys of chromium, man- ganese, vanadium, and titanium with iron. Following the important discovery and application of the electric arc by Sir Humphry Davy, came the work of Despretz, the interesting furnace of Siemens and Huntington, in which, however, they were unable to melt any considerable amount of tungsten, and the commercial methods of Cowles, who used the electric arc to prepare alloys of aluminium and copper. Many chemists and manufacturers have repeated our experiments. Since we began our work on this subject, the group of metallic carbides, then almost unknown, has received many additions, as have also the groups of the silicides and borides. The most important result of our work with the electric furnace has been to obtain temperatures of 3,500-4,000 C., and to show that under these conditions all the known elements and compounds may be vaporized. Further, among the refractory metals, for which we have described an easy method of preparation, we may mention uranium, whose interesting properties have attracted the attention ofmany physicists. These new discoveries enable chemists to undertake researches which were formerly impossible old methods have been modified, and inorganic chemistry, whose field has been thus extended, enters on a new era of develop- ment in which phenomena may be studied under all conditions of temperature. This was not due to the lack of experiments along these lines. Those bodies which rernain undecomposed by heat are all liquefied and volatilized.Further, at these high temperatures, chemistry assumes a special aspect, and series of new compounds are formed, some of which we have studied. Finally, a large number of refractory metals, and more especially chromium and manganese, were real museum curiosities, and their properties in the pure state were unknown. At that time, acetylene was still an uncommon gas, which could only be obtained pure with calcium carbide was un- great difficulty. In reality, the i modus faciendi consis So that the chemist has at his disposal to-day a scale of temperature ranging from 257 to 4,000 C. |
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The Electric Furnace in Chemical and Metallurgical Operations |
$45.92
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An Unabridged Printing To Include 240 Illustrations: Principles Of Electric Furnace Operation - Types Of Furnaces Used In Experimental And Laboratory Work - Current Supply In Electric Furnace Operation - Transformers For Use With Electric Furnaces - Measurement Of High Temperatures - Manufacture Of Calcium Carbide - The Synthesis Of Nitrogen Compounds From The Atmosphere - The Ammonia Oxidation Process - The Electric Smelting Of Iron Ores - Electric Steel Furnaces - The Electric Production Of Ferro Alloys - The Application Of Electric Furnaces For The Melting And Preparation Of Alloys And Non Ferrous Metals - The Electro Metallurgy Of Zinc And Hydro Metallurgy Of Copper - The Electrical Smelting Of Copper And Tin Ores - The Production Of Carborundum, Silicon, Alundum, Graphite, Phosphorus, And Carbon Bisulphide - Miscellaneous Electric Furnaces; High-Frequency Induction Furnace; The 'Pinch' Effect Furnace - Electrolytic Processes With Fused Electrolytes - Furnace Refractories - Heat Losses Through Furnace Walls - Electrode Dimensions And Heat Losses - Design Of Furnace Terminals - Power Expenditure In Electric Furnace Processes - Water-Power Developments And Electro-Chemical Centers - Appendix - Bibliography - Index |
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Thrice Through the Furnace: A Tale of the Times of the Iron Hoof .. |
$23.75
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This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. |